As science and science fiction merge, we unravel the ancient mysteries of the
human experience. If indeed entities exist beneath the surface of the planet,
they would not live in molten rock but in space ships. And as the tectonic
plates are breaking - it is either by their doing, a knowing that the
consciousness
hologram that creates this reality, is ending so they no longer have to monitor
from below, or they emerge as the plates naturally break apart.
Hollow Earth Theories always propose a central sun, aliens, and mythical
subterranean cities and civilizations that some believe could link science and
pseudoscience if physically discovered. Glaciers at both the Arctic and
Antarctic regions are melting down at an accelerated rate, which will reveal the
truth behind this mystery and its metaphoric connections to other creation myths
in the story of humanity's journey on plant Earth.
According to the Hollow Earth Hypothesis, planet Earth is either wholly hollow
or otherwise contains a substantial interior space. The hypothesis has long been
contradicted by overwhelming observational evidence, as well as by the modern
understanding of planet formation; the scientific community has dismissed the
notion since at least the late 18th century.
The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as the premise for a
sub-genre of adventure fiction. It also features in some present-day
pseudoscientific and conspiracy theories.
Underground civilizations link with the 'Hollow Earth Theory'. There are
supposedly races that exist in subterranean cities beneath planet Earth. Very
often, these dwellers of the world beneath are more technologically advanced
than we on the surface. Some believe that UFOs are not from other planets, but
are manufactured by strange beings in the interior of the Earth.
Conventional Hollow Earth Theories
Early History
In ancient times, the idea of subterranean realms seemed arguable, and became
intertwined with the concept of "places" such as the Greek Hades, the Nordic
svartalfheim, the Christian Hell, and the Jewish
Sheol (with details describing
inner Earth in Kabalistic literature, such as the
Zohar and Hesed L'Avraham).
Edmond Halley in 1692
put forth the idea of Earth consisting of a hollow shell about 800 km (500
miles) thick, two inner concentric shells and an innermost core, about the
diameters of the planets Venus, Mars, and Mercury. Atmospheres separate these
shells, and each shell has its own magnetic poles. The spheres rotate at
different speeds. Halley proposed this scheme in order to explain anomalous
compass readings. He envisaged the atmosphere inside as luminous (and possibly
inhabited) and speculated that escaping gas caused the Aurora Borealis.
De Camp and Ley have claimed (in their Lands Beyond) that
Leonhard Euler also
proposed a hollow-Earth idea, getting rid of multiple shells and postulating an
interior sun 1000 km (600 miles) across to provide light to advanced inner-Earth
civilization (but they provide no references). However in his Letters to a
German princess Euler describes a thought experiment involving a patently solid
Earth.
De Camp and Ley also claim that Sir John Leslie expanded on Euler's idea,
suggesting two central suns named Pluto and Proserpine (this was unrelated to
the dwarf planet Pluto, which was discovered and named some time later). Leslie
did propose a hollow Earth in his 1829 Elements of Natural Philosophy
(pp. 449Ð453), but does not mention interior suns.
19th century
In 1818, John
Cleves Symmes, Jr. suggested that the Earth consisted of a hollow shell
about 1300 km (800 miles) thick, with openings about 2300 km (1400 miles) across
at both poles with 4 inner shells each open at the poles. Symmes became the most
famous of the early Hollow Earth proponents. He proposed making an expedition to
the North Pole hole, thanks to efforts of one of his followers, James McBride,
but the new President of the United States, Andrew Jackson, halted the attempt.
Jeremiah Reynolds
also delivered lectures on the "Hollow Earth" and argued for an expedition.
Reynolds went on an expedition to Antarctica himself but missed joining the
Great U.S. Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842, even though that venture was a
result of his agitation.
Though Symmes himself never wrote a book about his ideas, several authors
published works discussing his ideas. McBride wrote Symmes' Theory of
Concentric Spheres in 1826. It appears that Reynolds has an article that
appeared as a separate booklet in 1827: Remarks of Symmes' Theory Which Appeared
in the American Quarterly Review.
In 1868, a professor W.F. Lyons published The Hollow Globe which put
forth a Symmes-like Hollow Earth hypothesis, but didn't mention Symmes. Symmes's
son Americus then published The Symmes' Theory of Concentric Spheres to
set the record straight.
Recent Theories
The Thule Society, which was
well known by Adolf Hitler,reported
much about Tibetan myths of openings into the Earth. There is even a theory that
Hitler ordered a research journey for such an opening in Antarctica, based on a
speech of Admiral Donitz in front of a German submarine in 1944, when he claimed
"The German submarine fleet is proud of having built an invisible fortification
for the Fuhrer, anywhere in the world." During the Nuremberg Trials, Donitz
spoke of "an invisible fortification, in midst of the eternal ice."
As the story goes ... Hitler and his followers wanted to create a race of super
soldiers an Ayran race (like the Atlanteans) to rule the world. They came to
this conclusion through the acceptance of many occult beliefs and practices,
including the Hollow Earth Theory. There is a legend which says that Hitler and
his chief advisers escaped the last days of the Third Reich by going through the
opening at the South Pole (Antarctica) where they discovered an entrance to the
Earth's interior.
According to the Hollow Earth Research Society in Ontario, Canada, they are
still there. After the war, the organization claims, the Allies discovered that
more than 2,000 scientists from Germany and Italy had vanished, along with
almost a million people, to the land beyond the South Pole. This story gets more
complicated with Nazi-designed UFOs, Nazi collaboration with the people who live
in the center of the Earth, and the possible explanation for "Aryan-looking" UFO
pilots.
In 2005, Steven Currey Expeditions planned an expedition to the North Pole
region to explore for a possible opening into the inner Earth. Brooks A. Agnew
took over as leader on Currey's death in 2006, with the plan of taking 100
scientists and film makers to the supposed Arctic "opening" in 2009.
An early twentieth-century proponent of hollow Earth, William Reed, wrote
Phantom of the Poles
in 1906. He supported the idea of a hollow Earth, but without interior shells or
inner sun.
Marshall Gardner wrote A Journey to the Earth's Interior in 1913 and an expanded
edition in 1920. He placed an interior sun in the hollow Earth. He even built a
working model of the hollow Earth and patented it. Gardner made no mention of
Reed, but did take Symmes to task for his ideas. In the same time Vladimir
Obruchev wrote a fiction novel Plutonia, where the hollow Earth's interior
possessed one inner (central) sun and was inhabited by prehistoric species. The
interior was connected with the surface by a hole in the Arctic.
Other writers have proposed that
ascended masters
of esoteric wisdom inhabit subterranean caverns or a hollow Earth. Antarctica,
the North Pole, Tibet, Peru, and Mount Shasta in California, USA, have all had
their advocates as the locations of entrances to a subterranean realm referred
to as Agartha, with some even advancing the hypothesis that UFOs have their
homeland in these places.
Raymond W. Bernard
In 1964, Raymond W. Bernard, an esotericist and leader of the Rosicrucians
published The Hollow Earth - The Greatest Geographical Discovery in History
Made by Admiral Richard E. Byrd in the Mysterious Land Beyond the Poles - The
True Origin of the Flying Saucers. Bernard tells stories about people who
have entered the inner earth and what has happened to them. It mentions a
photograph published in 1960 in the Globe and Mail in Toronto, Canada which
shows a beautiful valley with lush hills. An aviator claimed that he had taken
the picture while flying into the North Pole.
In his Letters from Nowhere, Bernard claims to have been in contact with
great mystics in secret ashrams and with Grand Lamas in Tibet. He was, in short,
another Gurdjieff. Dr. Bernard "died of pneumonia on September 10, 1965, while
searching the tunnel openings to the interior of the Earth, in South America."
Bernard seems to have accepted every legend ever associated with the hollow
Earth idea, including the notions that the Eskimos originated within the Earth
and an advanced civilization dwells within even now, revving up their UFOs for
occasional forays into thin air. Bernard even accepts without question Shaver's
claim that he learned the secret of relativity before Einstein from the Hollow
Earth people.
The Adventures of Admiral Byrd
Admiral Richard E. Byrd of the United States Navy flew to the North Pole in 1926
and over the South Pole in 1929. he referred to Antarctica as "The Land of
Everlasting Mystery". In reference to the North Pole he wrote: "I'd like to see
that land beyond the North Pole, it is the Center of the Great Unknown."
In his diary, Byrd allegedly tells of entering the hollow interior of the earth,
along with others and traveling 17 miles over mountains, lakes, rivers, green
vegetation, and animal life. He tells of seeing tremendous animals resembling
the mammoths of antiquity moving through the brush. He eventually found cities
and a thriving civilization. The external temperature was 74 degrees F.
His airplane was greeted by flying machines of a type he had never seen before.
They escorted him to a safe landing area where he was graciously greeted by
emissaries from Agartha. After resting, he and his crew, were taken to meet the
king and queen of Agartha. They told him that he had been allowed to enter
Agartha because of his high moral and ethical character. They went on to say
that they worried about the safety of planet due to he bombs and other testing
done above the surface by governments. After the visit Byrd and his crew were
guided back to the surface of the planet.
Byrd stated that the North and South Poles are only two of many openings into
the center of the Earth. He also wrote about seeing a sun below the Earth.
Did Admiral Byrd Fly Over the North Pole or Not? Live Science -
April 16, 2013
On May 9, 1926, famed American explorer Richard Byrd took off from the Norwegian
Arctic island of Spitsbergen along with his pilot, Floyd Bennett, in an attempt
to be the first to fly to the North Pole. About 16 hours later, the pair
returned to the island in their Fokker tri-motor airplane, the Josephine Ford,
saying they had indeed accomplished the feat. Byrd submitted his navigational
records to the U.S. Navy and a committee of the National Geographic Society, one
of his sponsors, who confirmed the accomplishment, according to the Ohio State
University Libraries. Byrd was hailed as a hero, given the Medal of Honor, and
went on to fly over the South Pole, as well as achieving many other polar
exploration milestones. But from 1926 onward, not everyone thought that Byrd and
Bennett actually made it to the North Pole. The controversy largely rested on
whether the plane could have covered the distance in just 15 hours and 44
minutes, as the team recorded, when the flight was expected to take about 18
hours, given the ground speed of the aircraft.
Concave Hollow Earths
Humans live on the interior; with the universe in the center.
Instead of saying that humans live on the outside surface of a hollow planet,
sometimes called a "convex" hollow-Earth hypothesis, some have claimed that our
universe itself lies in the interior of a hollow world, calling this a "concave"
hollow-Earth hypothesis. The surface of the Earth, according to such a view,
might resemble the interior shell of a Dyson sphere. Generally, scientists have
taken neither type of speculation seriously.
Cyrus Teed, an eccentric doctor from upstate New York, proposed such a concave
hollow Earth in 1869, calling his scheme "Cellular Cosmogony". Teed founded a
cult called the Koreshan Unity based on this notion, which he called
Koreshanity. The main colony survives as a preserved Florida state historic
site, at Estero, but all of Teed's followers have now died. Teed's followers
claimed to have experimentally verified the concavity of the Earth's curvature,
through surveys of the Florida coastline making use of "rectilineator"
equipment.
Several twentieth-century German writers, including Peter Bender, Johannes Lang,
Karl Neupert, and Fritz Braun, published works advocating the hollow Earth
hypothesis, or Hohlweltlehre. It has even been reported, although apparently
without historical documentation, that Adolf Hitler was influenced by concave
hollow-Earth ideas and sent an expedition in an unsuccessful attempt to spy on
the British fleet by aiming infrared cameras up into the sky (Wagner, 1999).
The Egyptian mathematician Mostafa Abdelkader authored several scholarly papers
working out a detailed mapping of the concave Earth model. See M. Abdelkader, "A
Geocosmos: Mapping Outer Space Into a Hollow Earth," 6 Speculations in Science &
Technology 81-89 (1983). Abstracts of two of Abdelkader's papers also appeared
in Notices of the American Mathematical Society, (Oct. 1981 and Feb. 1982).
In one chapter of his book On the Wild Side (1992), Martin Gardner discusses the
hollow Earth model articulated by Abdelkader. According to Gardner, this
hypothesis posits that light rays travel in circular paths, and slow as they
approach the center of the spherical star-filled cavern. No energy can reach the
center of the cavern, which corresponds to no point a finite distance away from
Earth in the widely accepted scientific cosmology.
A drill, Gardner says, would lengthen as it traveled away from the cavern and
eventually pass through the "point at infinity" corresponding to the center of
the Earth in the widely accepted scientific cosmology. Supposedly no experiment
can distinguish between the two cosmologies. Martin Gardner notes that "most
mathematicians believe that an inside-out universe, with properly adjusted
physical laws, is empirically irrefutable". Gardner rejects the concave hollow
Earth hypothesis on the basis of
Occam's Razor.
In a trivial sense, one can always define a coordinate transformation such that
the interior of the Earth becomes "exterior" and the exterior becomes
"interior". Such transformations would require corresponding changes to the
forms of physical laws; the consensus suggests that such theories tend towards
sophism.
Contrary Evidence
Gravity
The best scientific argument against that of a hollow Earth (or in fact any
hollow planet) is gravity. Massive objects tend to clump together
gravitationally, creating non-hollow spherical objects we call stars and
planets. The solid sphere is the best way in which to minimize the gravitational
potential energy of a physical object; having hollowness is therefore
unfavorable in the energetic sense. In addition, ordinary matter is not strong
enough to support a hollow shape of planetary size against the force of gravity.
Someone on the inside of a hollow Earth would not experience an outward pull and
could not stand on the inner surface; rather, the theory of gravity implies that
a person on the inside would be nearly weightless. This was first shown by
Newton, whose shell theorem mathematically predicts a gravitational force (from
the shell) of zero everywhere inside a spherically symmetric hollow shell of
matter, regardless of the shell's thickness.
A tiny gravitational force would arise from the fact that the Earth does not
have a perfectly symmetrical spherical shape, as well as forces from other
bodies such as the Moon. The centrifugal force from the Earth's rotation would
pull a person (on the inner surface) outwards if the person was traveling at the
same velocity as the Earth's interior and was in contact with the ground on the
interior, but even at the equator this is only 1/300 of ordinary Earth gravity.
The mass of the planet also indicates that the hollow Earth hypothesis is
unfeasible. Should the Earth be largely hollow, its mass would be much lower and
thus its gravity on the outer surface would be much lower than it currently is.
Seismic Information
Although not visually observable, the core of the Earth is observable via
vibrations (primarily from earthquakes) passing from one side of the planet to
the other. Using this method, geologists have been able to establish the
structure of mantle, outer core, and inner core known today. A hollow earth
would behave entirely differently in terms of seismic observations.
Visual Evidence
The deepest hole drilled to date is the SG-3 borehole which is 12.3 km (7.6
miles) deep, part of the Soviet Kola Superdeep Borehole project; thus, visual
knowledge of the Earth's structure extends that far.
Hollow Earths in Fiction
The idea of a hollow Earth is a very common element of fiction, appearing as
early as Ludvig Holberg's 1741 novel Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum (Niels
Klim's Underground Travels), in which Nicolai Klim falls through a cave
while spelunking and spends several years living on both a smaller globe within
and the inside of the outer shell.
Other pre-20th century examples include
Giacomo Casanova's
1788 Icosameron, a 5-volume, 1,800-page story of a brother and sister who fall
into the Earth and discover the subterranean utopia of the Megamicres, a race of
multicolored, hermaphroditic dwarfs; Symzonia: A Voyage of Discovery by a
"Captain Adam Seaborn" (1820) which reflected the ideas of John Cleves Symmes,
Jr. and some have claimed Symmes as the real author; Edgar Allan Poe's 1838
novel
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket; and George Sand's 1884
novel Laura, Voyage dans le Cristal where unseen and giant
crystals could be
found in the interior of the Earth.
More recently, the idea has become a staple of science fiction, appearing in
print, in film, on television, in comics, role-playing games, and in many
animated works.
The idea as also used by Edgar Rice Burroughs, the creator of Tarzan, in a
series of novels beginning with "At the Earth's Core" (1914). Using a mechanical
drill, his heroes discover a prehistoric world 500 miles below the surface. Lit
by an inner sun, this inner earth is called "Pellucidar" due to the constant
light of the unsetting inner sun. There is also an inner moon which creates a
"Land of the Dreadful Shadow" by blocking the light of the inner sun for a
portion of Pellucidar. Burroughs also makes use of the idea of openings at the
poles, and has zeppelins travel to the interior of the earth via these openings.
There are seven novels in the "Pellucidar"series.
The Elder Race - The Shaver Mystery
One of the most controversial tales of inner-Earth-dwellers is the so-called
Shaver Mystery. In
1945, Amazing Stories magazine, under the editorship of Ray Palmer, ran a story
told by American writer and artist Richard Shaver, who claimed he had recently
been the guest of what remained of an giant race called the Elder Race, or
Titans, an underground civilization that lived in caverns under the earth.
Shaver contended that the Elder Superior Pre-historic Race came to this planet
from another solar system in our prehistoric past. After a time of living on the
surface, they realized our sun was causing them to age prematurely, so they
escaped underground, building huge subterranean complexes in which to live.
Eventually, they decided to seek a new home on a new planet, evacuating the
Earth and leaving behind their underground cities - a honeycomb of caves in the
Earth - populated by artificial beings: the evil Dero, detrimental robots and
the good Tero, integrated robots. Shaver claimed to have met the Tero.
According to Shaver, the Dero, live there still, using the fantastic machines
abandoned by the ancient races to torment those of us living on the surface. As
one characteristic of this torment, Shaver described "voices" that purportedly
came from no explainable source. Thousands of readers wrote to affirm that they,
too, had heard the fiendish voices from inside the Earth.
Despite the enormous popularity of the "Shaver Mystery in Amazing Stories",
Palmer milked it for all it was worth, and more. The location of the entrance to
this underground world was never divulged. Although few really believed the
story, and many suspect that Shaver may actually have been psychotic, Shaver
always averred that his story was true.
Agartha
Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcoatl is a
Mesoamerican God. Legend has it he flew off in a UFO for 8 days where he visited
the inner worlds beneath the sea, returning to create man, leaving messages in
the geometry of his design to be found at the end of time. This speaks of
Ancient Alien Theory
and reality as a
consciousness hologram
(water, sea (see, eye), collective unconsciousness, grids).
Some believe the Gray Aliens
are part of Hollow Earth Theory.
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